STANDARD FLOW OF DIAGNOSTIC
TROUBLESHOOTING |

NOTES WITH REGARD TO DIAGNOSIS
Phenomenon
|
Explanation
|
System check
sound
|
When starting
the engine, a thudding sound can sometimes be heard coming from
inside the engine compartment. This is because the system operation
checkis being performed.
|
ABS operation
sound
|
1. |
Sound of the motor inside the ABS
hydraulic unit operation
(whine). |
2. |
Sound is generated along with vibration
of the brake pedal
(scraping). |
3. |
When ABS operates, sound is generated
from the vehicle chassis due torepeated brake application and
release
(Thump : suspension; squeak:
tires) | |
ABS operation
(Longbraking distance)
|
For road
surfaces such as snow-covered and gravel roads, the braking distance
for vehicles with ABS can sometimes be longer than that for other
vehicles. Accordingly, advisethe customer to drive safely on such
roads by lowering the vehicle speed.
|
Pedal kick
back
|
Pedal kick
back is normal operation.
|
Diagnosis detection conditions can vary depending on the
diagnosis code. When checking the trouble symptom after the
diagnosis code has been erased,ensure that the requirements listed
in "Comment" are met.
|
ABS CHECK SHEET

TROUBLE SYMPTOMS TABLE
Symptom
|
Suspect Area
|
See page
|
Communication
with Hi-scan (pro) is not possible. (Communication with any system is not
possible)
|
|
BR -
63
|
Communication
with Hi-scan (pro) is not possible. (Communication with ABS only is not
possible)
|
|
BR -
63
|
When ignition key
is turned ON (engine OFF), the ABS warning lamp does not light
up.
|
1. |
ABS warning lamp
circuit |
|
BR -
64
|
Even after the
engine is started, the ABS warning lamp remains ON.
|
1. |
ABS warning lamp
circuit |
|
BR -
65
|
ABS does not
operate.
|
Only when 1. -4.
are all normal and the problem is still occurring, replace the
HECU.
1. |
Check the DTC reconfirming that the
normal code is output. |
3. |
Wheel speed sensor
circuit. |
4. |
Check the hydraulic circuit for
leakage. | |
BR -
66
|
During ABS operation, the brake pedal may
vibrate or may not be able to be depressed. Such phenomena are due
to intermittent changes in hydraulic pressure inside the brake line
to prevent the wheels from locking and is not an
abnormality. |
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART
DTC No.
|
Detection Item
|
MIL*
|
Memory
|
See page
|
C1101
|
Battery
voltage over volt: 18V or more
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
70
|
C1102
|
Battery
voltage low volt: 9.5V or less
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
70
|
C1200
|
FL wheel
sensor: open or short to ground
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
67
|
C1201
|
-
Range/Performance: speed jump or damaged exciter
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
68
|
C1202
|
- No signal:
air-gap error or wrong excite
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
69
|
C1203
|
FR wheel
sensor: open or short to ground
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
67
|
C1204
|
-
Range/Performance: speed jump or damaged exciter
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
68
|
C1205
|
- No signal
excite: air-gap error or wrong excite
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
69
|
C1206
|
RL wheel
sensor: open or short to ground
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
67
|
C1207
|
-
Range/Performance: speed jump or damaged exciter
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
68
|
C1208
|
- No signal
excite: air-gap error or wrong excite
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
69
|
C1209
|
RR wheel
sensor: open or short to ground
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
67
|
C1210
|
-
Range/Performance: speed jump or damaged exciter
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
68
|
C1211
|
No signal:
air-gap error or wrong excite
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
69
|
C1604
|
ECU hardware:
ECU internal or valve failure
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
71
|
C2112
|
Valve relay:
valve relay or fuse failure
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
71
|
C2402
|
Motor-Electrical: open or short to battery, motor relay,
fuse or motor lock fail
|
○
|
○
|
BR -
72
|
C1503
|
TCS switch
failure
|
×
|
○
|
|
C1605
|
CAN Hardware
failure
|
Δ
|
○
|
BR -
72
|
C1610
|
CAN Bus off
failure
|
Δ
|
○
|
BR -
72
|
C1611
|
EMS Time-out
failure
|
Δ
|
○
|
BR -
72
|
C1612
|
TCM Time-out
failure
|
Δ
|
○
|
BR -
72
|
C1613
|
TCM
Un-matching failure
|
Δ
|
○
|
BR -
72
|
C2227
|
Brake disc
overheat
|
Δ
|
○
|
|
*MIL : Malfunction Indication
Lamp
○ : ABS warning lamp
Δ : TCS warning
lamp |
FAILSAFE SPECIFICATION
DETECT MODE
THE ABILITY OF DETECTING A FAILURE
THE MANAGEMENT OF FAILURE DETECTION
1. |
System down. Both the ABS (TCS) and the EBD
function are inhibited and the ABS (TCS) and the EBD warning lamps
are activated.
If this happens, the valve relay and all
solenoids are prevented from being switched
on. |
2. |
Only the ABS (TCS) function is inhibited. The
ABS (TCS) warning lamp is activated and the EBD warning lamp is not
activated. |
3. |
Sensor failure outside the ABS control
cycle.
(1) |
Only one sensor fails: take the same
action as management 2. |
(2) |
More than two sensors fail: take the
same action as management
1. | |
4. |
Sensor failure inside the ABS control
cycle.
(1) |
One front sensor fails: inhibit the ABS
control of the failed-wheel and maintain ABS control of the
normal wheels.
After the controller completes the ABS
control, take the same action as in management
2. |
(2) |
One rear sensor fails: inhibit ABS
control of both front wheels and the pressure of both rear
wheels is decreased.
After the controller completes the ABS
control, take the same action as in management
2. |
(3) |
More than two sensor fail: take the same
action as in management
1. | |
5. |
Low operating voltage
(1) |
Outside the ABS control cycle: inhibit
the ABS (TCS) control of front wheels and allow ABS control of
rear wheels, deactivating the motor.
The ABS (TCS) warning lamp is directly
switched on.
When the voltage recovers to the normal
operating range, enable the ABS function and the ABS (TCS)
warning lamp is switched off and erases the error code of low
voltage. |
(2) |
Inside the ABS control cycle: inhibit
the ABS control of the front wheels and allow the the ABS
control of rear wheels, deactivating the motor.
The ABS (TCS) warning lamp is directly
switched on and remains on. The error code is always
stored. | |
6. |
Motor error during the ABS control cycle.
Inhibit the ABS control of front wheels, allow ABS control of the
rear wheels and ABS (TCS) warning lamp is switched ON at the end of
ABS control. |
7. |
TCS failure
Inhibit the TCS control and allow the ABS/EBD
control. Meanwhile, stop checking the TCS switch failure under the
TCS control. |




INSPECTION PROCEDURE FOR TROUBLE
SYMPTOMS
Inspection Procedure 1
Communication with Hi-Scan (Pro) is not
possible. (Communication with any systems is not
possible.)
|
Probable cause
|
Possible
defect in the power supply system (including ground) for the
diagnosis line.
|
•
|
Faulty power source
circuit |
|
Inspection Procedure 2
Communication with Hi-Scan (Pro) is not
possible. (Communication with ABS only is not
possible.)
|
Probable cause
|
When
communication with Hi-Scan (Pro) is not possible, the cause may be
probably an open circuit in the HECU power circuit or an open
circuit in the diagnosis output circuit.
|
•
|
Faulty power source
circuit |
|

Inspection Procedure 3
When ignition key is turned "ON" (engine OFF), the ABS
warning lamp does not illuminate
|
Probable cause
|
When current
flows in the HECU, the ABS relay turns from on to off as the initial
check. The ABS warning lamp will illuminate when the ABS relay is
off even if there is a problem with the circuit between the ABS
warning lamp and the HECU. Therefore, if
the lamp does not illuminate, the cause may be an open circuit in
the lamp power supply circuit, a blown bulb, an open circuit in both
the circuits between the ABS warning lamp and the HECU, and in the
circuit between the ABS warning lamp and the ABS
relay.
|
•
|
Burnt out ABS warning lamp
bulb |
•
|
Faulty ABS warning lamp
circuit |
|

Inspection Procedure 4
Even after the engine is started, the ABS warning lamp
remains illuminated
|
Probable cause
|
A possible
short-circuit in the ABS warning lamp illumination
circuit
|
•
|
Faulty combination
meter |
•
|
Faulty ABS warning lamp
circuit |
|
This trouble symptom is limited
to cases where communication with the Hi-Scan (Pro) is possible
(HECU power supply is normal) and DTC is
normal.
|

Inspection Procedure 5
ABS does not
operate
|
Probable cause
|
Brake operation
varies depending on driving conditions and road surface conditions,
so diagnosis can be difficult. However,
if a normal DTC is displayed, carry out the following
inspection.
|
•
|
Improper installation of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Incorrect sensor harness
contact |
•
|
Foreign material on wheel speed
sensor | |
•
|
Faulty wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Faulty power source
circuit | |

INSPECTION PROCEDURE FOR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE
CODES
DTC No. C1200, C1203, C1206, C1209 Wheel speed sensor open or
short to GND circuit
|
Probable cause
|
The HECU
determines that an open or short circuit has occured in more than
one wire of a wheel speed sensor.
|
•
|
Faulty wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Faulty wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1201, C1204, C1207, C1210 (Speed jump or wrong
exciter)
|
Probable cause
|
Abnormal output
signal from a wheel speed sensor other than an open or short
circuit.
|
•
|
Improper installation of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Faulty wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Faulty wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1202, C1205, C1208, C1211 (Large air gap)
|
Probable cause
|
No wheel speed
sensor output signal.
|
•
|
Faulty wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Improper installation of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Faulty wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1101, C1102 Voltage out of range (Low and over
voltage)
|
Probable cause
|
The voltage of
the HECU power supply drops lower than or rises higher than the
specified value. If the voltage returns to the specified value, this
code is no longer output.
|
•
|
Faulty wiring harness or
connector |
|
If battery voltage drops or rises during
inspection, this code will be output as well. If the voltage
returns to thestandard value, the code is no longer output.
Before carrying out the following inspection, check the
battery level, and refill if
necessary. | |

DTC No. C1604 HECU Hardware (EEPROM and ECU
failure)
|
Probable cause
|
The HECU always
monitors the solenoid valve drive circuit. It determines that there
is an open or short-circuit in the solenoid coil or in a harness
even if no current flows in the solenoid or through the
HECU.
|
|
DTC No. C2112 Valve relay (Including fuse
failure)
|
Probable cause
|
When the ignition
switch is turned ON, the HECU switches the valve relay on and off
during its initial check. During this time, voltage sent to the
valve relay is compared to the voltage in the valve power monitor
line. If no current is detected in the valve power monitor line, the
HECU determines that there is an open circuit and DTC C2112 is
recorded.
|
•
|
Faulty wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1605 CAN hardware error
|
Probable cause
|
Replace the
HECU.
|
•
|
Interference by means of electronic
wave |
•
|
Mismatching of the calculation between
main and sub processor |
•
|
Defects of the valve coil and valve coil
operating circuit
element | |
DTC No. C1611 CAN timeout EMS, C1612 CAN timeout TCU,
C1613 CAN wrong matched transmission
|
Probable cause
|
Inspect the EMS
or TCU according to the instructions of Engine or T/M
group.
|
•
|
No message from EMS or TCU for
500ms |
•
|
Message from A/T or M/T signal mismatch
the message from ECM or
TCU | |
DTC No. C1610 bus off error
|
Probable cause
|
Check CAN bus
wiring. Check E37, C33, C133-4 or M42
connectors
|
•
|
CAN bus cable open, or short to ground
or
battery | |
DTC No. C2402 motor pump failure (Motor relay,
motor)
|
Probable cause
|
When the motor
power line is normal but no signal is in detected in the motor
monitor line.
|
|
Powering the motor with the Hi-Scan
(Pro) will discharge the battery. Start and run the engine for
a while after testingis
complete. | |

INSPECTION CHART FOR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE
CODES |
DTC
|
Trouble Location
|
Remarks
|
C1101
|
Battery
voltage over volt
|
: 18V or
more
|
|
C1102
|
Battery
voltage low volt
|
: 9.5V or
less
|
|
C1200
|
FL wheel
sensor
|
: open or
short to ground
|
|
C1201
|
-
Range/Performance
|
: speed jump
or damaged exciter
|
|
C1202
|
- No
signal
|
: air-gap
error or wrong excite
|
|
C1203
|
FR wheel
sensor
|
: open or
short to ground
|
|
C1204
|
-
Range/Performance
|
: speed jump
or damaged exciter
|
|
C1205
|
- No signal
excite
|
: air-gap
error or wrong excite
|
|
C1206
|
RL wheel
sensor
|
: open or
short to ground
|
|
C1207
|
-
Range/Performance
|
: speed jump
or damaged exciter
|
|
C1208
|
- No signal
excite
|
: air-gap
error or wrong excite
|
|
C1209
|
RR wheel
sensor
|
: open or
short to ground
|
|
C1210
|
-
Range/Performance
|
: speed jump
or damaged exciter
|
|
C1211
|
- No
signal
|
: air-gap
error or wrong excite
|
|
C1604
|
ECU
hardware
|
: ECU internal
or valve failure
|
|
C2112
|
Valve
relay
|
: valve relay
or fuse failure
|
|
C2402
|
Motor-Electrical
|
: open or
short to battery, motor relay, fuse or motor lock fail
|
|
C2227
|
Brake disc overheat
|
Only
TCS
|
C1503
|
TCS
switch failure
|
With TCS
switch
|
C1610
|
CAN
bus off failure
|
Only
TCS
|
C1611
|
EMS
time-out failure
|
Only
TCS
|
C1612
|
TCU
time-out failure
|
Only
TCS
|
C1613
|
TCU
un-matching failure
|
Only
TCS
|
C1605
|
CAN
hardware failure
|
Only
TCS
|
DETECT MODE
THE ABILITY OF DETECTING A FAILURE
THE MANAGEMENT OF FAILURE DETECTION
1. |
System down. Both the ABS (TCS) and the EBD
function are inhibited and the ABS (TCS) and the EBD warning lamps
are activated.
If this happens, the valve relay and all
solenoids are prevented from being switched
on. |
2. |
Only the ABS (TCS) function is inhibited. The
ABS (TCS) warning lamp is activated and the EBD warning lamp is not
activated. |
3. |
Sensor failure outside the ABS control
cycle.
(1) |
Only one sensor fails : take the same
action as management 2. |
(2) |
More than two sensors fail : take the
same action as management
1. | |
4. |
Sensor failure inside the ABS control
cycle.
(1) |
One front sensor fails : inhibit the ABS
control of the failed-wheel and maintain ABS control of the
normal wheels.
After the controller completes the ABS
control, take the same action as in management
2. |
(2) |
One rear sensor fails : inhibit ABS
control of both front wheels and the pressure of both rear
wheels is decreased.
After the controller completes the ABS
control, take the same action as in management
2. |
(3) |
More than two sensor fail : take the
same action as in management
1. | |
5. |
Low operating voltage
(1) |
Outside the ABS control cycle : inhibit
the ABS (TCS) control of front wheels and allow ABS control of
rear wheels, deactivating the motor.
The ABS (TCS) warning lamp is directly
switched on.
When the voltage recovers to the normal
operating range, enable the ABS function and the ABS (TCS)
warning lamp is switched off and erases theerror code of low
voltage. |
(2) |
Inside the ABS control cycle : inhibit
the ABS control of the front wheels and allow the the ABS
control of rear wheels, deactivating the motor.
The ABS (TCS) warning lamp is directly
switched on and remains on. The error code is always
stored. | |
6. |
Motor error during the ABS control cycle.
Inhibit the ABS control of front wheels, allow ABS control of the
rear wheels and ABS (TCS) warning lampis switched ON at the end of
ABS control. |
7. |
TCS failure
Inhibit the TCS control and allow the ABS/EBD
control. Meanwhile, stop checking the TCS switch failure under the
TCS control.




|
INSPECTION PROCEDURE FOR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE
CODES |
DTC No. C1200,
C1203, C1206, C1209 Wheel speed sensor
open or short to GND circuit
|
Probable
cause
|
The HECU
determines that an open or short circuit has occured in more than
one wire of a wheel speed sensor.
|
•
|
Malfunction of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Malfunction of wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1201,
C1204, C1207, C1210 (Speed jump or wrong
exciter)
|
Probable
cause
|
Abnormal output
signal from a wheel speed sensor other than an open or short
circuit.
|
•
|
Improper installation of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Malfunction of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Malfunction of wheel
bearing |
•
|
Malfunction of wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1202,
C1205, C1208, C1211 (Large air
gap)
|
Probable
cause
|
No wheel speed
sensor output signal.
|
•
|
Malfunction of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Improper installation of wheel speed
sensor |
•
|
Malfunction of rotor
(excitor) |
•
|
Malfunction of wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1101,
C1102 Voltage out of range (Low and over
voltage)
|
Probable
cause
|
The voltage of
the HECU power supply drops lower than or rises higher than the
specified value. If the voltagereturns to the specified value, this
code is no longer output.
|
•
|
Malfunction of wiring harness or
connector |
|
If battery voltage drops or rises during
inspection, this code will be output as well. If the voltage
returns to the standard value, the code is no longer output.
Before carrying out the followinginspection, check the battery
level, and refill if
necessary. | |

DTC No. C1604
HECU Hardware (EEPROM and ECU
failure)
|
Probable
cause
|
The HECU always
monitors the solenoid valve drive circuit. It determines that there
is an open or short-circuit in the solenoid coil or in a harness
even if no current flows in the solenoidor through the
HECU.
|
•
|
Malfunction of wiring
harness |
|
DTC No. C2112
Valve relay (Including fuse
failure)
|
Probable
cause
|
When the ignition
switch is turned ON, the HECU switches the valve relay on and off
during its initial check. During this time, voltage sent to the
valve relay is compared to the voltage in the valve power monitor
line. If no current is detected in the valve power monitor line, the
HECU determines that there is an open circuit and DTC C2112is
recorded.
|
•
|
Malfunction of wiring harness or
connector |
|

DTC No. C1605
CAN hardware error
|
Probable
cause
|
Replace the
HECU.
|
•
|
Interference by means of electronic
wave |
•
|
Mismatching of the calculation between
main and sub processor |
•
|
Defects of the valve coil and valve coil
operating circuit
element | |
DTC No. C1611
CAN timeout EMS, C1612 CAN timeout TCU, C1613 CAN wrong matched
transmission
|
Probable
cause
|
Inspect the EMS
or TCU according to the instructions of Engine or T/M
group.
|
•
|
No message from EMS or TCU for
500ms |
•
|
Message from A/T or M/T signal mismatch
the message from ECM or
TCU | |
DTC No. C1610
bus off error
|
Probable
cause
|
Check CAN bus
wiring. Check E37, C33, C133-4 or M42
connectors
|
•
|
CAN bus cable open, or short to ground
or
battery | |
DTC No. C2402
motor pump failure (Motor relay,
motor)
|
Probable
cause
|
When the motor
power line is normal but no signal is in detected in the motor
monitor line.
|
•
|
Malfunction of wiring
harness |
|
Powering the motor with the Hi-Scan
(Pro) will discharge the battery. Start and run the engine for
a while after testingis
complete. | |

|